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Biosecurity

BIOSECURITY >>  FOOD BIOSECURITY >> 

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Selected Reading  

* Afton MK, Nakata M, Ching-Lee M, et al. Food safety for first responders. (Letter) Emerg Infect Dis 2005 Mar;11(3):508-9 [Full text]

* Ban J. Agricultural biological warfare: an overview. Arena 2000 Jun;9:1-8 [Full text]

* Bledsoe GE, Rasco B. Addressing the risk of bioterrorism in food production. FoodTechnology 2002 Feb;56(2):43-7

* Burrows WD, Renner SE. Biological warfare agents as threats to potable water. Environ Health Perspec 1999;107(12):975-84 [Abstract]

* CDC. Human ingestion of Bacillus anthracis-contaminated meat: Minnesota. MMWR 2002;49(36):813-6 [Full text]

* CFSAN. 2003 Foods program priorities report card. (Includes progress on implementation of new bioterrorism legislation.) Nov 24, 2003 [Full text]

* Chadha MS, Comer JA, Lowe L, et al. Nipah virus-associated encephalitis outbreak, Siliguri, India. Emerg Infect Dis 2006 Feb;12(2):235-40 [Full text]

* Chalk P. Hitting America's soft underbelly: the potential threat of deliberate biological attacks against the US agricultural and food industry. RAND Corp. 2004 [Summary and full text]

* Chalk T. Replace the weak links in the food chain. RAND Review 2002 Summer;26(2):56-7 [Full text]

* Crawford LM Jr. A conversation on food safety and global security. Presentation by Deputy Commissioner of Food and Drug Administration, Sep 6, 2002 [Full text]

* Crutchley TM, Rodgers JB, Whiteside HP, et al. Agroterrorism: Where are we going in the ongoing war on terrorism? J Food Prot 2007 Mar;70(3):791-804 [Abstract]

* Cunnion SO. The meat-and-potatoes approach to bioterrorism. J Homeland Security 2002 May [Full text]

* Erickson MC, Kornacki JL. Bacillus anthracis: current knowledge in relation to contamination of food. J Food Prot 2003 Apr;66(4):691-9 [Abstract]

* FDA. Administrative detention of food for human or animal consumption under the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. 21 CFR Section 303 Pt 1-16. May 6, 2003 [Fact sheet with link to regulation]

* FDA. CFSAN 2004 program priorities report card. Jan 18, 2005 [Full text]

* FDA. Ensuring the safety and security of the nation's food supply. Jul 23, 2003 [Page with links to backgrounder and full report]

* FDA. Establishment and maintenance of records under the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response Act of 2002. 21 CFR Section 306 Pt 1-11. May 6, 2003 [Fact sheet with link to regulation]

* FDA. Fact sheet on FDA's new food bioterrorism regulation: final rule: administrative detention. May 2004 [Full text]

* FDA. FDA releases new software tool to help keep food facilities safe from attack. Jun 15, 2007, press release [Full text]

* FDA. Field instructions for "Food producers, processors, and transporters: Food security preventive measures guidance" and "Importers and filers: Food security preventive measures guidance" (see below). Mar 2003 [Full text]

* FDA. Food producers, processors, and transporters: Food security preventive measures guidance. Mar 21, 2003 [Full text]

* FDA. Guidance for industry: Questions and answers regarding registration of food facilities (edition 2). Final guidance. Issued Jan 12, 2004 [Full text]

* FDA. Guidance for industry: Questions and answers regarding registration of food facilities (edition 3). Final guidance. Issued Feb 17, 2004 [Full text]

* FDA. Importers and filers: Food security preventive measures guidance. Mar 21, 2003 [Full text]

* FDA. Retail Food Stores and Food Service Establishments: Food Security Preventive Measures Guidance. Draft Guidance. Mar 21, 2003 [Full text]

* FDA. Risk assessment for food terrorism and other food safety concerns. Oct 7, 2003 [Full text]

* FDA. Testing for rapid detection of adulteration of food. Report to Congress. Oct 2003 [Full text]

* FDA/CFSAN. Establishment and maintenance of records under the public health security and bioterrorism preparedness and response act of 2002. Final rule. Dec 2, 2004 [Full text - See fact sheet on regulation just below]

* FDA/CFSAN. Fact sheet on FDA's new food bioterrorism regulation: establishment and maintenance of records. Dec 2004 [Full text - Also see reference just above]

* FDA/FSIS. Food safety and security: what consumers need to know. Nov 19, 2003 [Full text]

* FSIS Office of Food Security and Emergency Preparedness. Protecting America's meat, poultry and egg products: a report to the secretary on the food security initiatives of the Food Security and Inspection Service. Jan 31, 2003 [Full text]

* GAO (General Accounting Office). Bioterrorism: a threat to agriculture and the food supply. Testimony of Lawrence J. Dyckman before Senate Committee on Governmental Affairs. GAO-04-259T. Nov 19, 2003 [Full text]

* GAO (General Accounting Office). Drinking water: Experts' views on how future federal funding can best be spent to improve security. GAO-04-29. Oct 2003 [Full text]

* GAO (General Accounting Office). Food safety: agencies should further test plans for responding to deliberate contamination. GAO/RCED-00-3. Oct 1999 [Full text]

* GAO (General Accounting Office). Food-processing security: Voluntary efforts are under way, but federal agencies cannot fully assess their implementation. GAO-03-342. Feb 2003 [Full text]

* GAO (General Accounting Office). Major management challenges and program risks: Department of Agriculture. Performance and Accountability Series. GAO-03-96. Jan 1, 2003 [Full text]

* Hall SD 3rd, Herbold J, England EC. Food for thought: the use of hazard and critical control point analysis to assess vulnerability of food to terrorist attack in deployment locations. Mil Med 2000 Dec;167(12):1006-11 [Abstract]

* Homeland Security Presidential Directive 7 (HSPD-7). Critical infrastructure identification, prioritization, and protection. Dec 17, 2003 [Full text]

* Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 (HSPD-9). Defense of United States agriculture and food. Jan 30, 2004 [Full text]

* IFT (Institute of Food Technologists). Focus food research to defend against terrorists. Apr 7, 2005 [Press release]

* IOM/NRC (Institute of Medicine/National Research Council). Globalization, biosecurity, and the future of the life sciences. Prepublication copy. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 2006 [Full text]

* Khan AS, Swerdlow DL, Juranek DD. Precautions against biological and chemical terrorism directed at food and water supplies. Public Health Rep 2001;116(1):3-14 [Full text]

* Kolavic SA, Kimura A, Simons SL, et al. An outbreak of Shigella dysenteriae type 2 among laboratory workers due to intentional food contamination. JAMA 1997;278(5):396-8 [Abstract]

* Li-Cohen AE, Bruhn CM. Safety of consumer handling of fresh produce from the time of purchase to the plate: a comprehensive consumer survey. J Food Protection 2002;65(8):1287-96 [Abstract]

* Manning L, Baines RN, Chadd SA. Deliberate contamination of the food supply chain. Br Food J 2005 April;107(4):225-45 [Abstract]

* Moore DA, Merryman ML, Hartman ML, et al. Comparison of published recommendations regarding biosecurity practices for various production animal species and classes. JAVMA 2008 Jul 15;233(2):249-56 [Abstract]

* Olsen SJ, Miller F, Breuer T, et al. A waterborne outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections and hemolytic uremic syndrome: implications for rural water systems. Emerg Infect Dis 2002;8(4) [Full text]

* Sobel J, Khan AS, Swerdlow DL. Threat of a biological terrorist attack on the US food supply: the CDC perspective. Lancet 2002;359(9309):874-80 [Abstract]

* Strongin RJ. How vulnerable is the nation's food supply? Linking food safety and food security. NHPF Issue Brief 2002 May 17;(773):1-22 [Full text]

* USDA. Pre-harvest security guidelines and checklist 2006. Released Jul 12, 2006 [Full text]

* USDA/FSIS. Biosecurity and the food supply. Backgrounders/key facts, June 2002 [Full text]

* USDA/FSIS. FSIS safety and security guidelines for the transportation and distribution of meat, poultry, and egg products. Released Aug 4, 2003 [Full text]

* Vogt DU, Rawson J. Food safety and protection issues in the 107th Congress. Congressional Research Service of the Library of Congress, June 12, 2002 [Update & Abstract ?see end for link to full paper]

* WHO. Precautions against the sabotage of drinking-water, food, and other products. Annex 5 in Public health response to biological and chemical weapons: WHO guidance. Ed 2. 2004 [Full text]

* WHO. Terrorist threats to food: guidance for establishing and strengthening prevention and response systems. Posted Jan 31, 2003 [Full text]